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全球外空治理格局正在由大国主导向多元协同转型，中等强国成为变革中的关键力量。冷战后的外空政治日益多极化、商业化和碎片化，一批中等强国凭借技术赋权、制度创新和话语建构，突破传统边缘地位，在外空治理中获得新的权力跃迁。中等强国采取模块化技术创新、前瞻性立法和“小众议题”主导策略，致力于提升安全、经济与国际地位等方面的自主性和影响力，在推动外空资源开发、法规制定和国际合作中塑造议程。加拿大全球空间治理宣言、韩国空间碎片治理提案以及相关国家外空资源法等案例显示，中等强国善于推动多边合作与规则外溢，强化公平性与可持续性的全球共识。外空治理由此呈现出更高的制度复杂性与灵活性特征，也带来规范创新与公共价值再造的新机遇。中等强国作为外空治理多边化、规范化和公共化进程中的重要推动力量，正在引导国际社会超越“谁能率先，谁就掌控资源”的传统零和思维，为构建公平、高效、开放的外空治理体系注入持久动力。
Abstract：(1) Joan Johnson-Freese,Space as a Strategic Asset,New York:Columbia University Press,2007,pp.45-46.
(2) Everett C.Dolman,Astropolitik Classical Geopolitics in the Space Age,London:Frank Cass,2005,pp.17-20.
(3) Jill Stuart,“Regime Theory and the Study of Outer Space Politics”,E-International Relations,https://www.e-ir.info/2013/09/10/regime-theory-and-the-study-of-outer-space-politics.
(1) Daniel Golston,Ben Baseley-Walker,“The Realities of Middle Power Space Reliance”,https://unidir.org/files/publication/pdfs/the-realities-of-middle-power-space-reliance-en-633.pdf.
(2) Wesley Park,“2025 Space Economy:A Look Ahead”,https://www.ainvest.com/news/2025-spaceeconomy-a-look-ahead-24111010ea8df500e1010a4d.
(3) Luisa Corrado,et al.,“The Macroeconomic Spillovers from Space Activity”,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,vol.120,no.43,2023.
(1)近年来，外空政治研究已经成为政治学研究中值得关注的新领域。有学者指出，“当人类征服自然、改造自然的能力达到传统意义上的天际--地球大气层外的外空时，政治学也必然从关注国内政治到关注国际政治，再到关注涵盖外空权力互动的‘外空政治学’（Astropolitics）。”参见徐能武：《地缘政治扩展与外空战略竞争态势--兼析外空政治学的新思潮》，《毛泽东邓小平理论研究》2015年第9期。
(2) Namrata Goswami,“Assessing Great Power Competition and the Role of Middle Powers in Outer Space through the Lens of Geoeconomics”,in Vinod K.Aggarwal,and Tai Ming Cheung (eds),The Oxford Handbook of Geoeconomics and Economic Statecraft (online edn),Oxford:Oxford Academic,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197673546.013.30.
(3)“International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems”,United Nations for Outer Space Affairs,https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/sk/ourwork/icg/icg.html.
(1)“The Space Economy is Projected to Reach1.8 Trillion by 2035”,Mc Kinsey,https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/themes/the-space-economy-is-projected-to-reach-1-8-trillion-by-2035.
(2)“The Inaugural Address”,The White House,https://www.whitehouse.gov/remarks/2025/01/the-inauguraladdress.
(3)季澄：《美加速争夺太空资源引争议》，《中国国防报》2020年4月15日，第7版。
(1) Ram S.Jakhu,Joseph N.Pelto,Global Space Governance:An International Study,Berlin:Springer,2017.
(2) Ian Crawford,“Space Governance:Who Speaks for Earth?”,https://www.democracywithoutborders.org/22578/space-governance-who-speaks-for-earth.
(3) Anne-Sophie Martin,“Outer Space,a Challenging Domain for Ambitious Defence Strategy”,Joint Air&Space Power Conference,https://www.japcc.org/essays/outer-space-a-challenging-domain-for-ambitiousdefence-strategy.
(1)“Statement by the Republic of Korea at the Fifty-ninth Session of Scientific and Technical Subcommittee”,Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space Vienna,https://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/stsc/2022/statements/8_Republic_of_Korea.pdf.
(1)“Emirates Mars Mission Overview”,https://www.emiratesmarsmission.ae/mission/beyond-science.
(2) Clay Moltz,Crowded Orbits:Conflict and Cooperation in Space,New York:Columbia University Press,2014,p.67.
(3) Michael Tysome,“Securing the Stars:The Potential of Middle Powers to Achieve Space Control”,https://www.cfc.forces.gc.ca/259/290/950/305/Tysome.pdf.
(4)“Strategic Defence Policy Statement 2019-2023”,https://www.defence.govt.nz/assets/publications/2019-MOD-Statement-of-Intent.pdf.
(1) Dimitrios Stroikos,“Why Does India Want to be a Space Power?Chandrayaan-3 and the Politics of India's Space Programme”,London School of Economics and Political Science,https://www.lse.ac.uk/research/research-forthe-world/politics/india-space-programme.
(1) Katharina Buchholz,“The Countries Capable of Launching Space Rockets”,Statista,https://www.statista.com/chart/27792/countries-capable-of-launching-space-rockets.
(2) Kuang-Ho YEH,“Middle Powers in the Space Development:A Comparative Analysis of South Korea and Indonesia”,Balkan Social Science Review,vol.21,2023,pp.149-150.
(3) Kan Hyeong-woo,“Private Sector-led Space Industry Gears up for Launches in 2025”,the Korea Herald,https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10409323.
(1) Clay Moltz,Crowded Orbits:Conflict and Cooperation in Space,New York:Columbia University Press,2014,p.70.
(1)戴维来：《中等强国的崛起与国际秩序的重塑》，《当代世界》2025年第2期。
(2)“Satellite Data to Tackle a Changing Climate”,Canadian Space Agency,https://www.canada.ca/en/spaceagency/news/2024/10/satellite-data-to-tackle-a-changing-climate.html.
(1)有关外层空间的法律制度体系，参见《联合国关于外层空间的条约和原则》，联合国网站，https://www.unoosa.org/pdf/publications/st_space_11rev2C.pdf.
(1)“Building Blocks for the Development of an International Framework for the Governance of Space Resource Activities:A Commentary”,United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs,https://www.unoosa.org/res/oosadoc/data/documents/2022/aac_105c_22022crp/aac_105c_22022crp_23_0_html/AAC105_C2_2022_CRP23E.pdf.
(2)戴维来：《中等强国的崛起与国际秩序的重塑》，《当代世界》2025年第2期。
(1) Maria Manoli,“The Architecture of Authority in Global Space Governance:The Moon Agreement as a Deconflicting Mechanism of Space Activities”,Utrecht Law Review,vol.20,no.1,2024,pp.100-113.
(1)“The Montreal Declaration on Global Space Governance”,Mc Gill University,https://www.mcgill.ca/iasl/projects/gsg/montrealdeclaration.
基本信息:
中图分类号:D815;D999.1
引用信息:
[1]戴维来.外空政治时代中等强国治理战略与外空治理范式变革[J].政治理论研究,2025,No.1(01):131-147.
2025-05-15
2025-05-15